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General:

Background:

After initally cruising off the east coast of the United States, DOLPHIN was sent on a world cruise from February, 1886 to September, 1889. During this  58,000 mile cruise - actually the equivalent to over twice around the globe - her engines were inoperative for only two hours. This was an amazing technical achievement which Secretary of the Navy Benjamin Tracy indicated was "probably without parallel in the history of naval vessels” up to that time. Also on this cruise, DOLPHIN sported a coat of white paint which became standard on U.S. naval vessels, giving rise to the name "the White Squadron." After the world cruise she again cruised off the U.S. east coast and in the Caribbean. After being placed out of commission from May, 1 1891 to March 14, 1892, the DOLPHIN again resumed patrol duties in the same area. Because of her modern design but diminutive size, the Secretary of the Navy frequently used her for transportation.

On December 3, 1895, DOLPHIN began her service with the Special Service Squadron. Her duties included being sent to Guatemala on a surveying expedition during the first two months of 1896. President McKinley was aboard the vessel for transportation to the ceremonies commemorating the completion of the tomb for former president U.S. Grant in April of 1897. Later that year, in November, 1897, DOLPHIN  was again placed out of commission.

As the tensions rose that finally led to the Spanish American War, the DOLPHIN was recommissioned on March 24, 1898 and sent to serve in the Blockade of Cuba. Off Cuba, DOLPHIN, under the command of Commander H. W. Lyon, soon found herself in action. On April 27, she captured the 31 ton Spanish vessel, LOLA, with a cargo of fish and salt. On June 6, she was fired upon by the guns of the Morro Castle at Santiago. On June 14, 1898, she bombarded the Spanish position in the Battle of Cuzco Well, near Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. After the battle, she carried the American and Cuban wounded, including including Captain William F. Spicer and First Lieutenant Wendell C. Neville back to Guantanamo Bay. On July 2, she was sent back to Norfolk, Virginia..

By now, her size greatly limited her use. After 1899, except during World War One, the vessel was generally relegated to the transport of the president, secretary of the navy, and other diplomats as needed, and to ceremonial activities, such as the Washington DC Peace Jubilee, the celebrations concerning the return of Admiral Dewey and the OLYMPIA in September, 1899, the ceremonies surrounding the return of John Paul Jones' remains to Annapolis and the departure of the Great White Fleet in 1907. During this time she carried President Theodore Rosevelt, Prince Louis of Battenberg, and the Japanese delegation negotiating an end to the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, etc. In late 1899 and early 1900 she surveyed the mouth of the Orinoco River in South America.

From October 22, 1908 until 1917, DOPLHIN served as the flagship of the Third Squadron of the Atlantic Fleet. Notably, while in Tampico, Mexico, on April of 1914, a navy paymaster and two enlisted crewmen from DOLPHIN were arrested by the local authorities. This created an international incident and was one of the factors that eventually led to the 1914 invasion of Vera Cruz, Mexico by the U.S. Navy. The vessel took part in the occupation of Santo Domingo in May, 1916. In April, 1917, the vessel was sent to officially take possession of the newly purchased U.S. Virgin Islands. En route, she was notified of the Declaration of War placing the United States in a state of war in the European conflict. As part of her wartime duties, she tracked down and captured the steamship NORDSKAR, suspected of aiding the enemy. DOLPHIN was assigned as the flagship for the American Patrol Detachment, protecting shipping in the Gulf of Mexico. On October 16, 1920, the DOLPHIN was assigned as the flagship of the Special Service Squadron.

On December 8, 1921, DOLPHIN was decommissioned. The historic vessel was sold by the Navy on February 25, 1922.
 

Among her other problems, her main machinery extended above the waterline of the vessel, making it more susceptible to damage in action. Her rated speed of 15.50 knots was actually quite slow for a vessel of this size. She had compound (double expansion) engines rather than the more modern and efficient triple expansion engines.

Also, built at time when the Navy was unwilling to take the full step to steam, DOLPHIN was equipped with sails, should they be needed, and to reduce the need for coal.

CREW ROSTER:

Bibliography:

Alden, Cmdr. John D., USN (Ret.), American Steel Navy, (Annapolis: United States Naval Institute Press, 1972) 14, 16, 19..

Clerk of Joint Committee on Printing, The Abridgement of Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress. (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1899) Vol II, ``94, 1195, 1248, 1249; Vol. 4, 318-319.

Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships. Vol. II (Washington: Navy Department, 1963) 285-286.

Harris, Lt. Cmdr. Brayton, USN, The Age of the Battleship. (New York: Franklin Watts, Inc., 1965) 7.

Report of the Chief of the Bureau of Navigation, 1898 (Washington: Government Printing Offce, 1898) 18-19.

Spector, Ronald, Admiral of the New Empire : the Life and Career of George Dewey. (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1974). .

Sternlicht, Sanford, McKinley's Bulldog, the Battleship Oregon. (Chicago: Nelson-Hall, Inc., 1977) 35.

Weaver, Barry,  Col Albert F. Gleim and Danny J. Farak, The West Indies Naval Campaign Medal of 1898 - The Sampson Medal, the Ships and Men. (Arlington, VA: Planchet Press, 1986) (Roster data contributed by Douglas Davis).