As the Spanish American War approached, the U.S.
Army Quartermaster Department began to plan for the tremendous
logistical problems presented by having to carry the U.S. Army,
swelling in size, to the enemy. The main emphasis
was on the Cuban Campaign. The possibility of sending an army to the
Philippines was not initially contemplated.
"Anticipating the possible needs of the Quartermaster's Department for ocean transportation for the movement of troops and supplies to Cuba, early action was taken by this office [Quartermaster Department, Division of Transportation] communicating with the various American steamship companies conducting the ocean traffic on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts to ascertain what vessels were available for charter for that purpose..."The Quartermaster's Department had a representative, Frank J. Hecker, sent to New York and through him to other various locations to find vessels that would be suitable to charter or purchase. Hecker had been the president of the Michigan-Peninsular Car Company, but was summoned by his acquaintance, Secretary of War Russell Alger specifically to address the transportation issues that were confronting the War Department. To enable him to work with the members of the military, Hecker was given the rank of colonel of volunteers. Using foresight, and acknowledging that the Army's Quartermaster Department was not the expert in purchasing ships, it requested that, whenever possible, representatives of the Navy accompany them to give their opinion on the suitability of the various ships.
Initially, from the declaration of war until June 30, the Quartermaster Department chartered 43 vessels for use on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts (total displacement of 104,201 tons, with a carrying capacity of 1,287 officers, 22,335 enlisted men and 6.746 horses and mules).
During the same period, the Quartermaster Department went to work trying to obtain transports for use on the Pacific coast. The move was somewhat belated, once the surprisingly complete naval victory at Manila Bay dictated the need for a land force. On the Pacific coast, obtaining transports was a more difficult task. First, though the steamship companies did agree to co-operate, most of the vessels were at sea in the vast Pacific, and waiting for them to arrive to be reviewed and contracted took time. Secondly, the Pacific transports would have to be larger and more substantial to carry the large number of men the 7,000 miles to the Philippines. This was not a short cruise as was the cruise to Cuba or Puerto Rico. From the declaration of war until June 30, the Quartermaster Department chartered 14 vessels for use on the Pacific coast (total displacement 41,152 tons, with a capacity of 629 officers and 13,059 enlisted men).
After obtaining the vessels, the Department had to modify the vessels to allow them to carry the troops. Sleeping accommodations had to be installed, stalls added for the animals, etc. Water tanks and electrical systems were upgraded, and fans added for ventilation. Galleys were upgraded to handle the large numbers of men, as were the sanitary facilities. Particular efforts were made to make the Pacific coast transports acceptable for their lengthy sojourn on the ocean since it was clearly understood that troops who arrived ill, could not be expected to fight. Later Pacific coast vessels were even equipped with refrigeration capabilities to enable fresh meat to be served aboard the vessel, and improved steaming capabilities (less roll).
In spite of the efforts of the Quartermaster Department, the transports were less than excellent. The crowding, the heat, insufficient sanitary facilities, and the resulting stench made the transports anything but pleasant.
Soon, however, it became apparent that still greater transport capacities would be needed as the estimates of the number of troops needed overseas continued to grow. On the Atlantic and Gulf coasts, four more vessels were located - the WANDERER, LA GRANDE DUCHESSE, TARPON and UTE - increasing the troop capacity to over 25,000 men. On the Pacific coast four more vessels were also located - the CITY OF RIO DE JANEIRO, PENNSYLVANIA, ST. PAUL, and TACOMA. The TACOMA was significant, and indicative of the difficult charter situation. She was was the only sailing vessel chartered by the Quartermaster Department. The remainder were all steamships.
As the demand for transports was still not met, an issue compounded by the U.S. Government's decision not to charter vessels of foreign registry, the Quartermaster Department was forced to take more drastic and long-term step. It had to purchase vessels outright.
Fourteen vessels were purchased by the Department for use on the Atlantic and Gulf coasts with two more purchased for use on the Pacific coast. The total cost of the vessels (not including refitting) was $6,231,000, a hefty amount for the period. These vessels had a capacity of 720 officers, 12,700 enlisted men, and 6,750 horses, mules, etc. Two of the purchased vessels were the RITA and the PANAMA, both of which had been captured by the U.S. Navy during the war, and sold as prizes.
The transport force was supplemented by some of the auxiliary cruisers of the Navy. These were oceanliners which were fitted with guns for use in the blockade. Many of these vessels spent a large amount of their time in transport duty. These included the HARVARD, YALE, ST. LOUIS and ST. PAUL and PANTHER.
The transport service was put to its heaviest test in the Cuban campaign. Luckily the trip to Cuba, once the vessels were finally able to leave port and Cervera's Spanish Squadron was blockaded in Santiago harbor, was uneventful. It was, however, very uncomfortable as the vessels sat in the hot sun with inadequate sewage control and a build up of animal wastes. The uneventfulness was surprising, since the transport fleet was disorganized, spread out and inadequately screened. An attack by a torpedo vessel could have been devastating.
Problems became apparent once the time arrived to land the troops. The vessels were not supplied with an adequate number of lighters or cutters for taking the troops to shore from the vessels. The Navy was forced to supply all the lighters it could and crewmen to man them, but the number was less than needed. This problem would continue to plague Shafter's supply lines throughout the Vth Corps' time in Cuba. In addition, no adequate facility was supplied for unloading the horses. The use of cranes with slings was found to be slow and dangerous to the horses, prompting Rough Rider Lt. Col. Theodore Roosevelt to snort "like a bull," and yell "stop that goddamned animal torture!" The horses were eventually simply herded overboard to fend for themselves. Some made it ashore, some did not (Roosevelt lost one of his two horses in this manner).
The lack of lighters is significant for another reason. Had the vessels been torpedoed, there were no boats provided for use by the troops to save themselves. The loss in life would have been tremendous.
In the final analysis, the transport costs totaled $7,804,016.67. A total of 92,836 men were transported from one point to another (this does not men 92,836 different men!). The number also includes the transport of Spanish prisoners.
The following is a list of some of the transports, and the troops they were known to have carried. Note that the transport numbers are based on the designations listed in Secretary of War Alger's account. This is the only comprehensive list. However, various accounts and even photos provide conflicting accounts of transport numerical designations. It would appear that, at some point during the conflict the transports were re-numbered. Also, apparently beginning in the early part of 1899, the transports owned by the army were gradually renamed after American generals. Lastly, capacity listing vary greatly from different sources. This may be because some sources consider space for horses whereas others do not.
If you have information on a specific transport
(either listed or not yet listed) or on the troops they carried, let
us
know!
Click here for an account of life aboard the
ALAMO
Click here for an account of the civilian
crew mutiny aboard ALAMO
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This vessel transported:
Battery
C,
Pennsylvania Light Artillery from Puerto Rico to the U.S.
2nd
Wisconsin
Volunteer Infantry (3 companies) from Puerto Rico to the U.S. (New
York City)
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following, consisting of 33
officers and 74 enlisted men:
10th U.S. Infantry
(Headquarters, Band, Companies C, D, E and G) from Tampa to Cuba
Engineers Battalion
(Companies C and E) from Tampa to Cuba
2nd U.S. Infantry Brigade,
1st Division Headquarters staff
10th
U.S.
Cavalry (2 Troops)
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried:
Headquarters of
the Cavalry Division (General Joe
Wheeler) and enlisted men caring for the horses on board
consisting of 14 officers
and
80 enlisted men
Signal Corps
members (1)
Hospital Corps
members (5)
Midshipman Royal
of the U.S. Navy
Volunteer aid
Mr. Mestre
Clerk (Mr.
Wilson)
Correspondent
Cramer of the Atlanta Constitution (Mr. Cramer)
Correspondent
Leighton of the New York Journal (Mr. Leighton)
Horses (58)
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the transportation equipment for the 3rd U.S. Infantry including 2 officers and 13 enlisted men.
Colonel Astor home from Cuba
ARIZONA (Later U.S.S. HANCOCK)
Click here for info. on the ARIZONA's trip
across the Pacific
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This vessel transported the following from Honolulu, Hawai'i to Manila, Philippines as part of the Fifth Philippine Expedition:
1st Colorado Volunteer
Infantry (1st, 2nd battalions, Company C)
1st
Nebraska Volunteer Infantry (part)
10th Pennsylvania Volunteer
Infantry (part)
18th
U.S. Infantry, Companies I, K, L, M
Click here for a photo of the AUSTRALIA
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This vessel transported the following:
1st New York Volunteer Infantry (Companies A, B, D I, and L) from Honolulu to San Francisco, California
2nd Oregon Volunteer Infantry (part)from San Francisco to the Philippines as part of the First Philippine Expedition.
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This vessel transported the following:
34th Michigan Volunteer Infantry from Santiago, Cuba to Camp Wikoff, Long Island, New York.BAY STATE
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Click here to read an
account of life aboard Berkshire
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This vessel transported the following:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 14
officers and 268 enlisted men:
2nd U.S. Artillery, Battery A
to Cuba
2nd U.S. Artillery, Battery F
(officers, men and horses only) to Cuba
BERLIN a.k.a. CITY OF BERLIN (Later U.S.A.T.
MEADE)
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This vessel transported the following:
9th U.S. Volunteer Infantry from the
U.S. to Cuba
1st Illinois Volunteer Infantry from
Santiago, Cuba to Camp Wikoff, Montauk
Point, Long Island, New York
Brigadier General John Bates and Staff from Santiago, Cuba to Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island,
New York 1st U.S. Infantry from Camp
Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to New York City
2nd U.S. Infantry from Camp
Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to New York City
1st Kentucky Volunteer Infantry from
Puerto Rico to Newport News, Virginia.
2nd U.S. Volunteer Infantry from New Orleans,
Louisiana to to Santiago, Cuba (July 28 - August 5, 1898)
A 500 bed field hospital, medical supplies, 6 contract physicians, 30
male nurses, 30 females nurses and 20 civilians from New York to Ponce,
Puerto Rico
Click here for a view of the BREAKWATER
seemingly aground at Siboney
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This vessel transported the following:
3rd U.S. Infantry from the U.S. to Cuba
12th U.S. Infantry (part) from Santiago, Cuba to Camp
Wikoff, Montauk, Long Island, New York
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(To read an account of conditions aboard the CHARLES NELSON, click here)
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Screw Steamer |
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This vessel was chartered by the Quartermaster Department on several
occasions, apparently for specific runs. She was new, having been built
in 1898. The vessel was 196 feet long, and powered by a triple expansion
steam engine turning a single screw. In August, 1898, the vessel, which
had been running between San Francisco and Alaska during the gold rush,
was chartered to transport men of the 1st
New York Volunteer Infantry from the U.S. to Hawaii. Once at
Hawaii, the charter ended and the steamer returned to its role as a
commercial steamer for the return run to San Francisco. In 1903, the
CHARLES NELSON was badly damaged in collision with the APACHE. The
CHARLES NELSON burned in 1913.
1st New York Volunteer Infantry,
Companies C, I, K, L, and M (From San Francisco, California to Honolulu,
Hawaii.
(To read a report describing conditions on the CHEROKEE, click
here)
(To read a letter describing conditions on the CHEROKEE, click
here)
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For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 35
officers and 852 enlisted men:
7th U.S. Infantry (part) to Cuba
12th U.S. Infantry to Cuba
17th U.S. Infantry (3 companies and headquarters)
Vth Corps
(Parker's) Gatling Gun Detachment
Also transported the following:
U.S. Marine
Battalion (part) from Isle of Pines to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba
19th U.S. Infantry to Puerto Rico
Click here for an image of the CHINA
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This vessel was used to transport the following during the 2nd Philippine Expedition (San Francisco to the Philippines):
Companies A and G, 18th U.S. Infantry
1st Colorado Volunteer Infantry
Utah Volunteer Light Artillery, Battery B, Sections 3, 4, 5.
U.S. Volunteer Engineers, Co. A
CITY OF CHESTER a.k.a. CHESTER
Click here for images of the CHESTER
Click here for an account of the
CHESTER running aground
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This vessel transported:
4th Ohio Volunteer
Infantry to Puerto Rico
4th Pennsylvania Volunteer
Infantry from Puerto Rico to the U. S.
General Thomas Schwan and staff from Ponce, Puerto
Rico to the U.S.
1st U.S.
Volunteer Engineers from New York City to Ponce, Puerto Rico
(August 6 - 10, 1898)
6th U.S. Volunteer Infantry from Puerto
Rico to Savannah, Georgia
15th U.S. Infantry from Savannah, Georgia
to Nuevitas, Cuba
Sixth U.S. Infantry from Camp Wikoff,
Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to New York City
Tenth U.S. Infantry from Camp Wikoff,
Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to New York City
Battery A, First U.S. Artillery from Camp
Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to New York City
Battery B, First U.S. Artillery from Camp
Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to New York City
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Click here for an image and description
of life aboard the CITY OF PARA
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This vessel tranported:
13th
Minnesota Volunteer Infantry from San Francisco to the Philippines
as part of the 3rd Philippine Expedition.
Click here for an image of the CITY OF
PEKING
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This vessel transported:
1st
California Volunteer Infantry from San Francisco to Hawaii, Guam
and the Philippines as part of the First Philippine Expedition.
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This vessel transported the following units as part of the 4th Philippine Expedition:
1st
California Volunteer Infantry (part)
1st
Wyoming
Volunteer Infantry (part)
4th
U.S. Cavalry (part)
14th U.S. Infanrty,
Companies I, K, L & M
23rd
U.S. Infantry (part)
This vessel transported the following units as part of the 5th Philippine Expedition:
1st
Tennessee Volunteer Infantry, Companies D, G, H, I, and K
2nd
Oregon Volunteer Infantry
6th
U.S.
Artillery, Battery D
13th
Minnesota Volunteer Infantry (part)
18th
U.S. Infantry
23rd
U.S. Infantry
California Volunteer Heavy
Artillery
Nevada Cavalry, Troop A
Click here
for an accunt of life aboard the CITY OF SIDNEY
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This vessel transported the following from San Francisco to Manila, via Hawaii and Guam as part of the First Philippine Expedition:
2nd
Oregon,
Companies F, I, and M
14th U.S. Infantry,
Companies A C, D, E, and F
California Volunteer Heavy
Artillery, Batteries A and D
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This vessel was famous for being close by to the USS MAINE when she exploded in Havana Harbor. Boats were launched from the CITY OF WASHINGTON to help rescue survivors.
This vessel transported:
4th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry
to Puerto Rico (part of the regiment)
2nd Massachusetts Volunteer
Infantry - New York to Tampa (?)
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 33
officers and 751 enlisted men:
24th U.S. Infantry to
Cuba
21st U.S. Infantry, 1st Battalion to Cuba
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For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following:
2nd U.S. Infantry,
Companies B and D
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This vessel transported as part of the Second Philippine Expedition
from San Francisco to Manila, Philippines:
Companies B, E of the 18th
U.S. Infantry
23rd
U.S. Infantry, Companies D, E, F and H
Utah Volunteer Artillery,
Battery A
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This vessel transported:
5th Artillery to Cuba
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 10
officers and 284 enlisted men:
7th U.S. Infantry, Company I, to Cuba
1st U.S. Artillery, Light Battery E
1st U.S. Artillery, Light Battery K
Baggage and rations for the 10th
U.S.
Cavalry
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This vessel transported:
5th U.S. Artillery, Battery D from Puerto Rico to the U.S.
(To read a report describing conditions on the CONCHO, click
here)
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This vessel transported:
Battery B, Pennsylvania Light Artillery from Puerto Rico to New York, U.S.
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 53
officers and 1,034 enlisted men:
2nd Infantry brigade, 2nd
Division, Headquarters to Cuba
2nd
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, Third Battalion
4th
U.S. Infantry to Cuba
25th U.S. Infantry to Cuba
D. H. MILLER (DECATUR H. MILLER)
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This vessel transported:
7th U.S. Infantry,
Companies E, G and H from the U.S. to Cuba
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This vessel transported:
1st Texas Volunteer Infantry (one battalion) from Havana, Cuba to Galveston, Texas (March 25 - April 2, 1899)
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This vessel transported:
3rd U.S. Cavalry from Cuba
to Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp Wikoff)
6th
U.S.
Cavalry from Cuba to Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp
Wikoff)
GRANDE DUCHESSE (a.k.a LA GRAND DUCHESSE)
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This vessel transported:
71st New York Volunteers (part) from Cuba to Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp Wikoff)
2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry from Charleston to Puerto Rico.
3rd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry from Charleston to Ponce, Puerto Rico
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HARVARD (note: HARVARD was a U.S. Navy vessel and not an Army Transport. It is merely included for completeness).
Click here for a history of the HARVARD and
info. on the "Harvard Incident"
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This vessel transported:
34th
Michigan Volunteer Infantry, (except Companies F, I, K and
L) from Fort Monroe, VA to Siboney, Cuba
Spanish prisoners
of
war from Cuba to the U.S.
33rd Michigan Volunteer
Infantry (except Companies E and G) from Santiago, Cuba to Montauk
Point, New York
Click here for images of the HAVANA
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This vessel transported:
6th
Missouri Volunteer Infantry from Havana, Cuba to Savannah, Georgia
49th
Iowa
Volunteer Infantry (headquarters and companies B, D, E, G
and L ) from Havana, Cuba to Savannah, Georgia (April
8 - 11, 1899)
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This vessel transported:
1st Kentucky Volunteer
Infantry, Companies F, H, I,
K, L and M, from Newport News, Virginia to Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
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This vessel transported the following units from San Francisco to the
Philippines :
Companies D & H of the 18th U.S. Infantry
23rd
U.S. Infantry, Co. B, C, G,
and L
(Volunteer?) Engineers
Battalion, Company A
North
Dakota
Volunteer Infantry, Co H (San Francisco, California to Manila,
Philippines)
20th
Kansas
Volunteer Infantry, Companies C, D, E, F, G, H, I, K, M (5th
Philippine Expedition)
Click here for an image of the 2nd U.S.
Infantry embarking on the IROQUOIS
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 38
officers and 722 enlisted men:
2nd Infantry Division Headquarters
to Cuba
3rd Infantry Brigade, 2nd Division
Headquarters to Cuba
7th U.S. Infantry (Companies A, B,
C, D, F and the Headquarters) to Cuba
17th U.S. Infantry (Companies C,
G, H, and K) to Cuba
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This vessel transported:
2nd Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry from Tampa Bay, Florida to Daiquiri, Cuba
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Steam Schooner | 404 |
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This vessel transported:
Third Battalion of the 2nd U.S. Volunteer Engineers from San Francisco, California to Honolulu, Hawaii.
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This vessel transported:
Company H, First District
of Columbia Volunteers (Engineers) (Tampa to Key West (to Cuba?))
Company A, First Illinois
Volunteers (Engineers)(Tampa to Key West (to Cuba?))
Pontoon Train (Tampa to Key
West (to Cuba?))
(To read a report describing conditions on the LEONA, click
here)
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 51
officers and 910 enlisted men:
Brig. Gen. Young and Staff
(headquarters 2nd Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry
Division) to Cuba
First
U.S.
Cavalry (8 troops) to Cuba
Tenth
U.S.
Cavalry (8 Troops) to Cuba
Vth
Corps
(Parker's) Gatling Gun Detachment from Santiago, Cuba, to Camp
Wikoff, Long Island, New York.
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This vessel transported:
MANITOBA (LATER U.S.A.T. LOGAN)
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This vessel transported:
The "Governor's Troop" of Pennsylvania Cavalry to Puerto Rico|
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21st U.S. Infantry (part) from
Santiago, Cuba to Camp Wikoff, Montauk,
Long Island, New York
MASSACHUSETTS
(LATER
U.S.A.T. SHERIDAN)
Click here for an image of the MASSACHUSETTS
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This vessel transported:
First
Troop,
Philadelphia City Cavalry from the Newport News to Ponce, Puerto
Rico.
The 5th U.S. Infantry, Co. M
From San Francisco, California to Manila, Philippines (
Click here for an image of the MATTEAWAN
Click here for an account and photo of the
YUCATAN nearly ramming the MATTEAWAN
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 32
officers and 734 enlisted men:
Bates' Independent
Brigade Headquarters to Cuba
20th U.S. Infantry to Cuba
2nd U.S. Cavalry (Troops F
and D) to Cuba
Click here for an image of the MIAMI
Click here to read a
report describing conditions on the MIAMI
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 55
officers and 919 enlisted men:
6th U.S. Infantry to Cuba
9th U.S. Cavalry (8 Troops)
to Cuba
Signal Corps members (Cavalry
Division, 1st Brigade)
1st U.S. Volunteer Cavalry ("Rough Riders")
home from Cuba
MICHIGAN (LATER U.S.A.T. KILPATRICK)
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This vessel transported:
Maine
Volunteer Heavy Artillery
from New York City, NY to Savannah, Georgia (November, 1898)
Maine
Volunteer
Heavy Artillery from Havana, Cuba to Savannah, Georgia
(March 9 - March 11, 1899)
1st Texas
Volunteer Infantry (two battalions) from Havana, Cuba to
Galveston, Texas (March 23 - April 2, 1899)
2nd Illinois Volunteer Infantry
(two battalions) from Savannah, Georgia to Havana, Cuba (December 9 -
December 13, 1898)
3rd Nebraska
Volunteer Infantry from the U.S. to Cuba (December 31, 1898-
January 2, 1899).
4th U.S. Artillery, Battery B from
Ponce, Puerto Rico to Savannah, Georgia.
5th U.S. Artillery, Battery D from
Ponce, Puerto Rico to Savannah, Georgia.
8th U.S. Artillery, Batteries C
and F from Ponce, Puerto Rico to Savannah, Georgia.
2nd U.S. Cavalry, Troop B from
Ponce, Puerto Rico to Savannah, Georgia.
6th U.S. Cavalry, Troop F from Ponce, Puerto Rico to Savannah,
Georgia.
8th
U.S.
Infantry, Company F from Ponce, Puerto Rico to
Savannah, Georgia.
MINNEWASKA (LATER U.S.A.T. THOMAS)
Click here for an image of the MINNEWASKA
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This vessel transported:
33rd Michigan Volunteer
Infantry, Companies E and G from Santiago, Cuba to Montauk Point, Camp
Wikoff, New York
1st District of Columbia
Volunteer Infantry from Santiago, Cuba to Montauk Point, New York
6th
Ohio
Volunteer Infantry from Charleston, South Carolina to Cienfuegos,
Cuba
1st
U.S. Volunteer Engineers from Ponce, Puerto Rico to New York City
(November 17 - 24, 1898)
16th
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry from Ponce, Puerto Rico to New
York City (October 10 - 17, 1898)
23rd
Kansas Volunteer Infantry from Santiago, Cuba to Newport News,
Virginia (March 1 - 6, 1899)
49th
Iowa
Volunteer Infantry from Savannah, Georgia to Havana, Cuba
160th
Indiana Volunteer Infantry from Matanzas, Cuba to Savannah,
Georgia
202nd
New York Volunteer Infantry from Savannah, Georgia to Havana,
Cuba.
202nd
New York Volunteer Infantry from Havana, Cuba to Savannah,
Georgia
MISSISSIPPI
(LATER U.S.A.T. BUFORD)
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This vessel transported:
Troop A and C of the New
York Cavalry From Puerto Rico to Jersey City, NJ
Maine Volunteer Heavy Artillery
from Boston, Massachusetts to New York City, NY
"First
Troop,
Philadelphia City Cavalry" from Ponce, Puerto Rico to Jersey City,
NJ and Philadelphia, PA
"Governor's
Troop" Pennsylvania Cavalry from Puerto Rico to Jersey City, NJ
"Sheridan
Troop" Pennsylvania Cavalry from Puerto Rico to Jersey City, NJ
Battery
A,
PA Artillery from Puerto Rico to Jersey City, NJ
6th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry from San Juan, Puerto Rico to
Boston, Massachusetts
6th
U.S.
Volunteer Infantry from New York to San Juan, Puerto Rico
MOBILE (LATER U.S.A.T. SHERMAN)
Click here for an image of the MOBILE
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This vessel transported:
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This vessel transported:
8th
Ohio,
Company from Santiago, Cuba to Montauk Point, Long Island, New
York.
11th
U.S.
Infantry Co. C from Port Tampa to Puerto Rico
1st
North Dakota Volunteer Infantry
from Philippines to San Francisco, California (July 30 to August 29,
1899)
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Click here to read an account
of life aboard the MORGAN CITY
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This vessel transported the following as part of the Third Philippine Expedition
1st
Idaho
Volunteer Infantry
1st
Nebraska Volunteer Infantry (part)
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This vessel transported the following as during an early Philippine Expedition:
3rd U.S. Artillery,
Batteries H, K
Astor Battery
This vessel transported the following as during the Fifth Philippine Expedition:
1st
Washington Volunteer Infantry (part)
23rd
U.S. Infantry (part)
20th
Kansas
Volunteer Infantry, Companies A, B, F, L
California Heavy Artillery
Wyoming Volunteer Artillery,
Battery A
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OBDAM (Later U.S.A.T. McPHERSON)
(Click here for a brief account of life aboard the OBDAM)
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This vessel transported:
Maine Volunteer Heavy Artillery from Savannah, Georgia to Havana, Cuba (January, 1899)
3rd Nebraska Volunteer Infantry,
Headquarters staff of the 1st Battalion staff (1st Battalion) which included the 3rd Nebraska Volunteer Infantry and some men of the 6th Missouri 1st Battalion from Savanna, Georgia to Cuba.
2nd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry(9 companies) from Puerto Rico to the U.S. (New York City)
3rd Wisconsin Volunteer Infantry, from Charleston to Ponce, Puerto Rico
6th Missouri Volunteer Infantry, 1st Battalion from Savannah, Georgia, to Havana, Cuba(Departed December 11, 1898)
16th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry (Companies B, G, L and M) from New York City to San Juan Puerto Rico (September 14 - 21, 1898)
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This vessel transported the following from San Francisco to the Philippines as part of the 3rd Philippine Expedition:
1st
Wyoming
Volunteer Infantry (part of the unit)
3rd U.S. Artillery,
batteries G, L
Headquarters staff, and
companies C, F, and I of the 18th U.S. Infantry
This vessel transported the following from San Francisco to the Philippines as part of the 5th Philippine Expedition:
1st
Montana
Volunteer Infantry (part of the unit)
1st
Washington Volunteer Infantry, Companies A, B, C, D, E, H, K, and
M
2nd
Oregon Volunteer Infantry
4th
U.S. Cavalry
23rd
U.S. Infantry
California Heavy Artillery
Detachment (part of the unit)
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This vessel transported:
Survivors of the destroyed battleship U.S.S. MAINE (Havana, Cuba to Port Tampa, Florida, March 1898)Click here for an account of a trip on ORIZABA
Click here to read a
report describing conditions on the ORIZABA
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 35
officers and 622 enlisted men:
2nd
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry (one battalion)
22nd U.S.
Infantry from Tampa to Cuba.
4th U.S. Artillery, Batteries G
and H (Siege Artillery battalion)
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This vessel transported:
246 convalescent soldiers from Ponce, Puerto Rico
(September, 1898)
258 convalescent soldiers from Ponce, Puerto Rico to
Norfolk, Virginia (September 29 to October 5, 1898)
USS PANTHER (note: PANTHER was a U.S. Navy vessel and not an Army Transport. It is merely included for completeness).
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This vessel transported:
First
Marine
Battalion to Cuba
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This vessel transported the following from the U.S. to the Philippines:
1st
California Volunteer Infantry (part)
1st
Montana
Volunteer Infantry (part)
1st
Nebraska Volunteer Infantry (part)
1st
Tennessee Volunteer Infantry from Manila to San Francisco
1st
Washington Volunteer Infantry from Manila to San Francisco
14th U.S. Infantry
18th
U.S. Infantry
51st
Iowa Volunteer Infantry
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This vessel transported the following from the U.S. to the Philippines as part of the 4th Philippine Expedition:
4th
U.S. Cavalry (part)
6th U.S. Artillery,
Batteries D and G
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Click here for an image of the RIO GRANDE
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 49
officers and 882 enlisted men:
1st Cavalry Brigade, Cavalry
Divsion, headquarters (General Sumner and staff)
Lt. Col. Joseph Maxfield
(Balloon Signal Detachment) and his balloon apparatus to Cuba (part).
3rd U.S. Cavalry (8 Troops)
to Cuba
6th
U.S.
Cavalry (8 Troops) to Cuba
General Sumner and staff
Click here for a letter written
aboard the RIO DE JANEIRO
Click here the plan of the day aboard
the RIO DE JANEIRO
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The vessel reverted back to the Pacific Mail Steamship Company after the war. On February 22, 1901, the vessel was approaching San Francisco, inbound from Hong Kong and Yokohoma, in a fog. Against the suggestions of the pilot, the vessel's captain, William Ward, did not stop the vessel and wait for the conditions to clear while approaching the Golden Gate. Being slightly off course to the south, she struck the rocks near Land's End and Fort Point and sunk in eighteen minutes, with only 81 of her 210 passengers and crew being rescued. One of the major issues was that the Asian crew was unable to understand the orders of the English-speaking officers in the crisis, resulting in lifeboats not being launched, and confusion. There also had been inadequate training in the launching of the boats. The vessel sunk in 320 feet of water. It is now listed on the National Register and is owned by the State of California's State lands Commission.
This vessel transported the following units from San Francisco to Manila, Philippines as part of the 4th Philippine Expedition:
1st
Montana
Volunteer Infantry (part of the unit)
1st
South
Dakota Volunteer Infantry (part)(San Francisco, California
to Manila, Philippines by way of Hawaii)(July23 - August 31, 1898)
Utah Volunteer Light
Artillery (part of the unit)
RITA (Later U.S.AT. McCLELLAN)
Click here for an account of the RITA
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This vessel transported the following:
6th
Illinois
Volunteer Infantry Co.C, E(?) G, H K, and L (Charleston, South
Carolina to, Cuba and then to Puerto Rico)
ROUMANIAN (Later U.S.A.T CROOK)
Click here for a stereoview of the
ROUMANIAN
Click here for an
account of life aboard ROUMANIAN
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This vessel transported:
Battery
B,
Pennsylvania Light Artillery from Newport News, Virginia to Puerto
Rico
Battery A, Missouri
Volunteer Artillery from Newport News, Virginia to Puerto Rico
27th
Battery,
Indiana Volunteer Artillery from Newport News, Virginia to Puerto
Rico
6th
Missouri, 2nd and 3rd battalions from Savannah, Georgia to Cuba
(Departed December 11, 1898)
1st
North
Carolina Volunteer Infantry to Havana, Cuba
2nd
South
Carolina Volunteer Infantry from Savannah, Georgia to Havana, Cuba
8th
U.S. Infantry from Camp Wikoff,
Montauk Point, Long Island, New York to Alabama
16th U.S. Infantry from Camp Wikoff, Montauk Point, Long Island,
New York to Alabama
Brig. Gen. Ezra Ewers and
his family, a Capt. Carnahan and his wife and a Lt. Frazer and his wife,
a contingent of undertakes, and the bodies
of
approximately 667 dead soldiers being returned from Cuba and Puerto Rico
for burial in the the U.S. (March, 1899)
Click here for more info. on this vessel
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This vessel transported:
9th
U.S.
Infantry from Santiago, Cuba to Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp Wikoff)
10th U.S. Infantry from
Santiago, Cuba to Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp
Wikoff)
71st
New York Volunteer Infantry (2 companies) from Santiago, Cuba to
Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp Wikoff)
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This vessel transported the following as part of the Fourth Philippine Expedition:
1st Colorado Volunteer
Infantry (part)
1st
South
Dakota Volunteer Infantry (part)(San Francisco, California
to Manila, Philippines by way of Hawaii)(July23 - August 31, 1898)
13th
Minnesota Volunteer Infantry (recruits)
Click here for more info. on this vessel
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This vessel transported:
2nd U.S. Infantry from Cuba
to Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp Wikoff)
71st
New York Volunteer Infantry (one battalion) from Cuba to
Montauk Point, Long Island, NY (Camp Wikoff)
4th
Ohio
Volunteer Infantry from Hampton Roads to Puerto Rico
8th
Ohio
Volunteer Infantry from New York to Cuba
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This vessel transported:
2nd
U.S. Infantry (1 Battalion)
16th U.S. Infantry from
Tampa to Cuba
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This vessel transported the following:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 51
officers and 739 enlisted men:
1st
Infantry
Divsion Headquarters, Staff and Guard (General Kent)
9th
U.S.
Infantry from Port Tampa, Florida to Daiquiri, Cuba
10th U.S. Infantry, First
Battalion (Co. A, B, F, H)
4th
U.S. Infantry from Santiago, Cuba to the U.S.
(To read a report describing conditions on the SARATOGA, click
here)
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This vessel transported the following:
13th U.S. Infantry
21st U.S. Infantry (headquarters, band and
Companies C, D,E, and H)
Division Hospital #3 (Maj. LaGarde, surgeon)
Headquarters, 3rd Infantry Brigade, 1st
Division
160th Indiana
Volunteer Infantry from Charleston, South Carolina to Matanzas,
Cuba
SCANDIA (Later the U.S.A. T. WARREN)
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2926
tons |
1949 |
This vessel transported the following as part of the Fourth Philippine Expedition:
1st
MontanaVolunteer
Infantry (part)
1st
New
York Volunteer Infantry (Headquarters, band, and Companies A, B,
part of Company D from San Francisco to Honolulu
California Volunteer Heavy
Artillery detachment
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 33
officers and 477 enlisted men and 5 oberservers:
1st U.S. Infantry
Balloon Signal Detachment
(part)
General
Shafter
and his staff (5th Corps
Headquarters)
Foreign military observers
to Cuba
Click here for an image and account of life
aboard SENECA
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This vessel transported:
4th
Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry to Puerto Rico (part of regiment)
71st
New York Volunteer Infantry to from New York City to
Hoboken, New Jersey
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 32
officers and 656 enlisted men:
2nd
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
8th
U.S. Infantry (2 companies)
Headquarters 1st Infantry
Brigade, 2nd Division
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This vessel transported the following as part of the Second Philippine Expedition:
1st Nebraska Volunteer Infantry (part)
This vessel transported the following as part of the Fifth Philippine Expedition:
1st
Montana
Volunteer Infantry
1st
Nebraska Volunteer Infantry (part)
1st
South
Dakota Volunteer Infantry
1st
Tennessee Volunteer Infantry
13th
Minnesota Volunteer Infantry (part)
14th U.S. Infantry,
(detachment)
18th
U.S. Infantry (detachment)
20th
Kansas
Volunteer Infantry
23rd
U.S. Infantry, Companies A, I, K, M
California Volunteer
Artillery, Battery D.
This vessel as transported part of the 10th Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry to the U.S. from the Philippines
This vessel transported the 51st Iowa
Volunteer Infantry from Manila to San Francisco in 1899.
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The vessel carried sick soldiers from Camp
Wikoff to New York City.
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For the invasion of Cuba, she carried Troop A, 2nd U.S. Cavalry
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The vessel transported the following:
200 artillery mules and horses from San Francisco, California to Manila, Philippines by way of Honolulu, Hawaii - August to September, 1898, accompanied by about 28 troopers from the 4th U.S. Cavalry under the command of Lt. Shay, 4th U.S. Cavalry and thirteen packers.
200 artillery mules and horses from San Francisco, California to Manila, Philippines by way of Honolulu, Hawaii - December to January, 1898, accompanied by about 28 troopers from the 4th U.S. Cavalry under the command of Lt. Shay, 4th U.S. Cavalry and thirteen packers.|
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The vessel transported the following from San Francisco to the Philippines as part of the Third Philippine Expedition:
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This vessel transported:
71st
New York Volunteer Infantry from Tampa, Florida to
Cuba
23rd
Kansas Volunteer Infantry from Brooklyn, New York to Santiago,
Cuba
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Click here for an account of life aboard
WHITNEY
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This vessel transported:
Company E of the 11th U.S. Infantry From Tampa to Puerto Rico
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 44
officers and 954 enlisted men:
10 teamsters (and a supply
of horses?)
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This vessel transported:
33rd Michigan Volunteer
Infantry from Fort Monroe, VA to Siboney, Cuba
34th
Michigan Volunteer Infantry, Companies F, I, K and L from
Fort Monroe, VA to Siboney, Cuba
6th
Illinois
Volunteer Infantry Co. A, from Charleston, South Carolina to
Guanica, Puerto Rico
6th
Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry from Charleston, South Carolina
to Guanica, Puerto Rico
7th
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, from New York to Santiago de Cuba
8th
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, from New York to Santiago de Cuba
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This vessel transported:
2nd
Illinois Volunteer Infantry, Companies A, B, D, I, K, M and the
headquarters staff (Havana, Cuba to Tampa, Florida, March 30 - 31, 1899)
2nd
South
Carolina Volunteer Infantry, Companies I, K, L and M from Cuba to
Savannah, Georgia
Click here for an account and photo of the
YUCATAN nearly ramming the MATTEAWAN
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This vessel transported:
For the invasion of Cuba, she carried the following consisting of 43
officers and 733 enlisted men:
1st
U.S. Volunteer Cavalry ("Rough Riders," 8 Troops) to Cuba
2nd
U.S. Infantry, Companies B, C, D, G, band and Headquarters (B and
D relocated to the CLINTON)
2 Colt
Automatic
guns; one dynamite gun.
ZEELANDIA (Sometimes listed ZEALANDIA)
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This vessel transported the following as part of the Second Philippine Expedition:
10th Pennsylvania Volunteer
Infantry to the Philippines (part)
Utah Light Artillery,
Battery B, Sections 1, 2 and 6
This vessel transported the following as part of the Third Philippine
Expedition:
1st
Tennessee Volunteer Infantry Companies Headquarters, and Companies
A, B, C, E, F, L, and M from San Francisco to Manila
This vessel transported the following as part of the Fifth Philippine Expedition:
13th
Minnesota Volunteer Infantry (part)
23rd
U.S. Infantry (part)
(As a service to our readers, clicking on title in red will take you to that book on Amazon.com)
"A guide to the Carl Christensen photograph albums, 1855-1965" Online
Archives of California.
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c81r6rv0/entire_text/ [CHARLES
NELSON]
Alger, Russell A, The Spanish American War. (New York: Harper & brothers Publishers, 1901) 76-79.
Anderson, James Buchanan, Personal Diary, contributed by Claiborne M. Stokes (11th Infantry, Co. E information)
“A Reply to the Spaniards,” Herald-Despatch. Decatur, Illinois, July 30, 1898, 1 (info. on the 27th Battery, Indiana Volunteer Artillery; Battery B, Pennsylvania Volunteer Artillery, and Battery A, Missouri Volunteer Artillery on the ROUMANIAN)
"A Spanish Liner Captured," Birmingham Daily Post (Birmingham,
England). April 27, 1898. p. 5 (Capture of PANAMA)
"Austin Baldwin & Company" https://www.marinelink.com/history/austin-baldwin-company-inc-32146 (info. in the Allan shipping line, owners of the ROUMANIAN) April 18, 2020.
"Bay Pirates Profitably Raid a Skow," San Francisco Examiner.
(December 5, 1898) 5 (TACOMA)
"Berlin Sails for Ponce To-day," The Sun (New York). September 21, 1898, 2.
Biederwolf, William E., History of the One hundred and
Sixty-first regiment, Indiana Volunteer Infantry.
(Logansport, IN: Wilson, Humphreys & Co., 1899). Available online at
https://fedora.dlib.indiana.edu/fedora/get/iudl:686679/OVERVIEW (161st
Indiana on MOBILE and MANITOBA).
Bowers, George B., History of the 160th Indiana Volunteer Infantry. (The 160th Indiana on the SARATOGA; contributed by Lynard Fontenot).
Brooklyn Daily Eagle, July 23, 1890, 1 [SEGURANCA]; August 22, 1898, . 4 [CATANIA, MARTERRA]; August 13, 1899. [BAY STATE], August 14, 1898 [GATE CITY], August 15, 1898 [ST. PAUL and ST. LOUIS].
Clerk of the Joint Committee on Printing, The Abridgement: Message from the President of the United States to the Two Houses of Congress. (Washington DC: Government Printing Office, 1899) Vol I, 394-397, 398 [Bay State], 457, 482, 616 [BAY STATE], 670-671; Vol. 3, 270, 665.
Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain Including the Insurrection in the Philippine Islands and the China Relief Expedition April 15, 1898 to July 30, 1902. Vol. 1 (Washington DC: Center for Military History, 1993) 589 (2nd Illinois), 592 (49th Iowa), 608 (202nd new York), 615 (16th Pennsylvania), 619 (1st Texas), 622 (1st Washington),623 (2nd Wisconsin)
DeBurgh, Joseph, "A Few Reminiscences of the First Expedition of American Troops to Manila", The American Oldtimer. Vol VI, No. 6. April 1939, 23-29. (info. on troops on the City of Sidney).
"Fallen Heroes, " Knoxville Journal and Tribune. March 24, 1899 (info.on ROUMANIAN returning the dead from Cuba and Puerto Rico in 1899)(contributed by Jeff Berry)
Faust, Karl Irving, Campaigning in the Philippines (San Francisco: The Hicks-Judd Company, 1899) 63-67 (courtesy of Sheri Baker).
Fesler, James E., The War With Spain (unpublished diary/manuscript concerning the 33rd Michigan; courtesy of Sue Lumb).
"For San Francisco," The Hawaiian Star (Honolulu, Hawaii).
August 16, 1898, 8 [CHARLES NELSON]
Freidel, Frank, The Splendid Little War, Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1958.
Hard, Curtis V. (Robert H. Ferrell, ed.), Banners in the Air. (Kent OH: Kent State University Press, 1988)(8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry).
"Hawaiian Commission," The Hutchinson News (Hutchinson,
Kansas). September 5, 1898, p 1. (TACOMA).
Hecker, Frank J., Recollections of My Service and Experiences in the Spanish American War, 1898-1899. (originally privately printed in Detroit in 1913, Reprinted by the Leopold Classic Library).
Helmick, Eli Al. Helmick, Major General, United States Army, Retired. From Reveille to Retreat. 1935. (unpublished autobiography - info. on the 10th U.S. and the ALAMO). Info. contributed by Florence West.
Herrman, Karl Stephen, From Yauco to Las Maries. (Kessinger Publishing) 38, 40 (data on the return of the 5th U.S. Artillery, Battery D on the Comanche and the return of Thomas Schwan on the Chester).
"History of the Sixth Regiment Missouri Volunteer Infantry" (St. Louis, Mo.: Woodward & Tiernan printing Co., 1899) 10, 14,17. (contributed by Patty Meis).
Howard-Smith, Logan and J. F. Reynolds Scott, The History of Battery A and Troops A, N. G. P. (Philadelphia: The John C. Winston Co., 1912) 185.
"Investigate Camp Wickoff," The
Chipley Banner (Chipley, Florida). September 10, 1898, 5.
(Brig. Gen. JohnBates and Staff on the BERLIN)
Jackson, Robert, Liners, Tankers & Merchant Ships. (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2002) 198 (Info. on Arizona)
James, Harry - Image of stern of CHESTER
Jeffers, H. Paul, Colonel Roosevelt: Theodore Roosevelt Goes to War, 1897-1898. (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1996). 207
Lawrie, Rene Lewis, letter of Morgan James Lewis (concerning ORIZABA)
Log of the Yankee, Part 2 (info. on CHEROKEE, YALE)
Maguire, James, Biography of John Hommel (3rd Wisconsin on OBDAM and GRAND DUCHESSE)
McIntoch, Burr, The Little I Saw of Cuba. (New York: F. Tennyson Neely, 1899). (image from this source also).
Mitiuckov, Nick (personal correspondence with author)
Morton & Watkins, History of Nebraska (Contributed by Marilyn Estrada). (Info. on 3rd Nebraska).
New York Times - September 20, 1898 [1st and 2nd U.S. Infantry on BERLIN; Troops on CHESTER; SHINNECOCK, 8th and 16th U.S. on ROUMANIAN]
"Off to Honolulu To-day," San Francisco Call. August 6, 1898, 7. [CHARLES NELSON, LAKME]
"Our Merchant Marine - Its Condition as Shown by the Administration
and the Admiral of the Navy." (American Shipping and Industrial League,
1888).
The Philo Literary Society, The Philo Review. Vol XXIII, No. 32 (Shippensburg: State Normal School, 1899) 67-73.
Pisano, Nicholas D. - Transport Number of the FLORIDA.
"Porto Rico Convalescents," St Louis Globe-Democrat (St. Louis,
Missouri). September 5, 1898, p. 5 (PANAMA)
Post, Charles Johnson, The Little War of Private Post : The Spanish-American War Seen Up Close. (Univ of Nebraska Press, 1999). (71st New York info, 2nd Masschusetts on the CITY of WASHINGTON) 30, 69, 271,292, 298.
Pratt, E. Warren, Official History of the Ohio National Guard and Ohio Volunteers: The United States Volunteers in 1898-99, including a History of each Local Organization and each Regimental Formation from its Inception to the Present Time. (Cleveland, Ohio: The Plain Dealer Publishing Co., 1901) (8th Ohio on Mobile).
"Our Transports," Muncie
Evening Press (Muncie, Indiana). March 8, 1899, 4. (data on
transport, renaming of some, displacement, capacity, etc.)
RIO DE JANEIRO loss: http://mall15.register.com/mariti/ships/ss.html ; http://laws.lp.findlaw.com/getcase/US/269/364.html ; "The Golden Gate Wreck," The Age. Fenbruary 15, 1901. http://www.cr.nps.gov/aad/submerged/NRShips.htm
Sanchez, Arsenio M., "The Olivette and Mascotte of the Plant Steamship Line," Sunland Tribune. Vol. 20, Article 7, 1994 https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1266&context=sunlandtribune . (info. on Olivette)
"Scottish Built Ships" https://www.clydeships.co.uk/view.php?ref=12204
(PANAMA)
"Sick from Puerto Rico," The Indianapolis Journal. October 6,
1898, p. 2 (PANAMA).
Schuster, M. A. J., Jr., Personal diary, manuscript, p. 12. Contributed by Patty Meis.
Spokesfield, The History of Wells Co., North Dakota and its Pioneers. (info. concerning the 1st North Dakota, contributed by Carolyn Upchurch).
"S.S. Charles Nelson," https://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?214404
"The Eastern Army," The Journal (Meridian, Connecticut).
August 5, 1898, p. 3 (TACOMA)
"The Steamship Knickerbocker," New
Orleans Republican. November 13, 1873, 4.
St. Paul War Budget. (ship's newpaper of the U.S.S. ST. PAUL) - Data on the 4th Ohio Volunteer Infantry.
"Steamer Charles Nelson Collides with Apache," San Francisco Call. January 25, 1903, 33.
"Steamship Lakme Abandoned at Sea," San Francisco Call.
January 20, 1911, 3
"Transport Runs Ashore," The
Pensacola News (Pensacola, Florida). November 29, 1898, 6.
(15th U.S. Infantry on the Transport Chester)
"Transports Coming and Going" Herald-Despatch. [Decatur, Illinois], December 2, 1898, p. 1 [Info. on Transport Michigan]
"Troops Destined for Honolulu Sail Today," San Francisco Call. August
6, 1898, 7 [CHARLES NELSON, LAKME]
The Weekly Northwestern, Oshkosh, Saturday, July 23, 1898 (info. on 2nd, 3rd Wisconsin, and the 6th Illinois)
"USAT Hooker" http://www.navsource.org/archives/30/04/0404.htm
Ward, Walter W., Springfield
in
the Spanish American War. Reprint by Wentworth Press, 2019
(Information on 2nd Mass. Vol. Inf., 8th U.S., 22nd U.S. on MOBILE).
"Wisconsin Troops In the Spanish War" reprinted from The Sentinel Almanac and Book Of Facts for the year 1899. (concerning the 2nd and 3rd Wisconsin, and contibuted by Mike Philips).